Chemistry BSc(Hons)

This module teaches you to recognise a range of functional groups and to name systematically compounds that contain them. Structure and bonding in organic compounds are discussed, as are the concepts of the octet rule, orbital hybridisation, formal charge, bond polarisation and resonance. The importance of molecular geometry is introduced and the basic principles of molecular conformation and of stereochemistry are covered. In preparation for the chemistry to follow, an integrated treatment of the 'language of chemical change' is presented. The ideas of mechanism and reaction intermediates are met, together with the curly arrow symbolism which chemists use to represent the electron movement inherent in chemical reactions. In the second half of the module, the chemistry of the principal functional groups is considered, using the ideas developed earlier. The lecture programme is reinforced by regular tutorials in which problems are worked. Running parallel to the lecture programme is a continuously assessed practical course that introduces you to the basic techniques of preparative organic chemistry.

This module covers four areas of physical chemistry: properties of ideal and non-ideal introductory thermodynamics, solution chemistry of acids, bases and salts and reaction kinetics, including catalysis.

This module aims to introduce students from diverse backgrounds to the range of skills required in modern analytical science and illustrate how analytical methodology underpins scientific investigation across the conventional discipline boundaries. The module will build on and develop your prior knowledge of analysis whilst not assuming any particular area of expertise and will also endeavour to improve your numerical, IT and communication skills by illustrating analytical methodology in the context of these key skill areas. This module also aims to develop your ability to obtain and interpret a wide range of spectroscopic data in a systematic and logical fashion. In this way you'll be taught to apply your knowledge to a wide range of new problems and in so doing develop your general problem solving skills. The module will be taught primarily by lectures and tutorials with illustrative practical work to highlight salient points from the lecture material.

This module provides an introduction to the use of computers in the chemical sciences for word processing, data handling and chemical drawing. The module also gives an introduction to the use of molecular modelling software for the understanding of chemical and physical properties of molecules. It will also consolidate the mathematical ability of students entering the course from a variety of backgrounds and provides the essential groundwork in this subject area.

The module provides an introduction to practical chemistry in the major branches of the subject through structured practical exercises. It will be taught in the laboratory and sessions will usually begin with some formal teaching from staff in charge, followed by students carrying out practical and other exercises either alone, or in pairs. Laboratory safety, basic laboratory techniques, data recording and the use of routine equipment will be taught. Research skills and ethics will be included. As the module proceeds the experiments will illustrate the principles taught in lectures.

This module provides coverage of the more important methods of forming carbon-carbon single and double bonds. Following on from year 1 carbonyl chemistry, some more advanced aspects of carbonyl chemistry will be discussed. Main-group elements and their role in synthesis will also be considered. Retrosynthetic analysis will be introduced in the context of carbonyl chemistry and will be developed to enable you to plan some complex multistep syntheses. The synthesis and reactions of the main classes of simple heterocyclic compounds will be covered. The chemistry of other biologically-important compounds such as carbohydrates amino acids will also be detailed. More advanced aspects of stereochemistry are covered, and the relationship between conformation and reactivity is explored. The module has a practical component which focuses on the use of more advanced techniques for the preparation, isolation and analysis (IR and NMR) of target molecules. A part of the practical session is devoted to the isolation of stereochemically pure products.

This module covers six topics: equilibrium and dynamic electrochemistry, phase equilibria, colloids and colloidal suspensions, colligative properties, kinetics of composite reactions and quantum theory – basic principles and simple applications. With the exception of quantum theory, material in the other areas builds on that presented in year 1.

In this module you'll have the opportunity to consolidate the interpretative skills learnt in the module Analytical Science 1 and extend these to the analysis of spectra from more complex organic molecules. The majority of samples encountered in analytical science are mixtures, you'll be introduced to the basics of the most widely used forms of chromatography and a number of application areas of each will be described including the application of combined separation and spectroscopic techniques. Additionally you'll be introduced to a selection of instrumental analyses including atomic spectroscopy, thermal methods and electrochemical techniques, and statistical methodology which provide solutions to many of the analytical problems which are encountered in modern society. This module aims to develop your abilities in these directions to enable you to design an analytical process whilst further developing your IT, communication and numerical skills.

This module builds on the practical experience gained in the first year and is closely linked to the associated lecture material in modules Inorganic Chemistry 2, Organic Chemistry 2, Physical Chemistry 2 and Analytical Science 2. You'll have the opportunity to use more advanced experimental techniques and instrumentation. Exercises will involve an information search, recording, and interpretation of results. Each exercise may involve more than a single week of practical work and draw on different subject areas. The exercises will involve synthesis, investigation, and characterization and appropriate literature searches. Research skills and record keeping will be included. You'll also have the opportunity to carry out a mini-project and will be given an outline scheme from which you must produce your own detailed experimental plan in a workshop environment which will be vetted before you begin practical work. A permanent record will be kept of observations and data measurements made as the project proceeds. Weekly planning meetings will be held to assess the progress of the work. At the end of the project another workshop session will be held in which to analyse and interpret the results by discussion with peers before resorting to seeking advice from the lecturer.

This module provides an introduction to selected topics in modern biology, suitable for students of forensic science and chemistry, and provides a basis for further study for those whose interests lie at the interface of the biological and chemical sciences. The module starts with an introduction to the structure and function of biological macromolecules and includes a basic account of the covalent and non-covalent aspects of protein structure. Subsequently an introduction to enzyme structure and function is given followed by an outline of basic metabolism. The module covers the elements of cellular and molecular biology including sufficient to understand such techniques as gene cloning, PCR and DNA fingerprinting. The concluding part of the module provides coverage of the systems of the human body most relevant to students of forensic science and medicinal chemistry, namely; blood and the cardiovascular system, the gastrointestinal tract, the liver and the kidney.

This module introduces you to the concept of the anthropocene – the epoch of human influence. It will focus on the global impacts of human population on earth systems including atmosphere, soil and water systems. A case study approach will be taken focusing on major issues such as climate change, energy generation, ozone depletion, air quality, mining and ore processing, xenobiotics, water resource and land management.

This module is designed to develop advanced practical skills across the main core disciplines of chemical sciences and to demonstrate the combination of skills needed to undertake research projects, from initial conception and planning, to undertaking practical work, reviewing results and reporting results. The practical classes will provide an opportunity to use sophisticated experimental techniques in organic, physical, inorganic and analytical science. The module is constructed to provide you with experience of extended exercises, working both individually and in small groups. The sessions will involve experimental design, evaluation and interpretation of results, presenting and reporting results.

This module draws together the basic concepts of synthesis and reaction mechanisms in the context of providing methods for designing suitable synthetic routes to target compounds and also extends the range of reaction types to include pericyclic reactions. The module introduces contemporary preparative methods for the synthesis of organic compounds. Further aspects relating to designing a synthesis and the connection between design and retrosynthetic principles are covered. The selectivity of reactions and the concepts of regio-, chemo-, stereo- and enantioselectivity are developed as are the rules governing pericyclic reactions. The reaction mechanism component draws together concepts in both physical and mechanistic organic chemistry. This section provides techniques that can be used to differentiate between mechanistic types. The use of product analysis, activation parameters, linear free energy relationships and isotope effects to determine reaction mechanisms are described.

The module will build upon previously encountered material on structure and bonding in inorganic chemistry and will include transition metal organometallic chemistry, electron deficiency and clusters. Reaction mechanisms at transition metal sites will be covered with an emphasis on how these apply in industrially relevant catalytic processes. The module will also cover NMR spectroscopy methods for the characterisation and dynamic study of inorganic systems. The module will also cover the photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes as well as bioinorganic chemistry and the pharmaceutical applications of metal complexes. An emphasis will be placed on recent cutting-edge developments in the literature.

This module covers various aspects of advanced physical chemistry. The properties of surfaces and the interaction of gas molecules with surfaces will be discussed. Different theories of adsorption will be compared. The kinetics of surface reactions will be related to the mechanism of the reaction. The application of surface science type measurements in developing an understanding of how atoms and molecules adsorb on surfaces will be covered. Central to chemistry is being able to relate observation made in the laboratory to behaviour at the atomistic level and equally to use the interaction of atoms and molecules to derive quantities that can be measured at the macro-level. Thus statistical thermodynamics will be introduced and used to derive fundamental properties. Atomistic modelling also provides a view into the molecular world and after reviewing the fundamentals of quantum mechanics the methods for approximating multi electron systems will be introduced and the applications in computational chemistry explored. One important application of quantum mechanics which is used routinely throughout chemistry is spectroscopy. We will therefore show how the quantum definitions of the allowed vibrational and rotational energy levels of a simple harmonic oscillator and a rigid-rotor can be used to derive the observed IR and microwave spectra of diatomic molecules and introduce other related aspects of the theory relating to atomic and molecular spectroscopy.

This module provides an introduction to separation processes based on the principles of mass transfer with or without chemical reactions, method of operation, phase equilibria and separating agents used in these operations. It also provides the basis for the building of simple mathematical models to represent the operation of the mass transfer-based separation processes, such as distillation, gas absorption, liquid-liquid extraction.

The relationship between the forensic scientist and the justice system will be explored with a view to addressing aspects of criminal and civil law. Aspects of presentation of evidence as well as the role and responsibility of the expert witness will also be explored. The requirements of quality systems will be considered within context of presenting robust evidence; as well as the considerations of ethical practice. Quality Assurance procedures and importance of standard operating procedures in relation to accreditation will be explored (i.e. ISO17020 and ISO17025).

This module covers the forensic investigation of evidence building on material delivered in the second year modules. The material covered will also include general forensic science principles and how they are applied to investigations. Such principles include Bayesian Inference and these will also be applied to biological and non-biological evidence types such as forensic genetics, body fluid identification, taphonomy, impressions, drugs and toxicology.

In this module you'll be provided with an overview of contemporary spectroscopic techniques and their relevant areas of application. In mass spectrometry you'll be introduced to the range of ionisation and scanning techniques and the ways in which the coupling of chromatographic methods with mass spectrometry can enhance and extend the capabilities of both methods. In NMR you'll have the opportunity to consider a range of advanced experimental methods to enhance the quality of the analytical information which can be obtained. Modern electroanalysis is a powerful and versatile analytical tool for investigating a wide range of analytical problems. This module will introduce you to a selection of these methods and will illustrate the practicalities, uses and limitations of these techniques. Sensor technologies represent a rapidly expanding area of analytical science. The module aims to familiarise you with the wide range of fields, which contribute to sensor developments, and then to reinforce this knowledge with pertinent examples such as glucose monitoring systems for diabetics.

In this module, chemotherapy and examples of drug action will be studied highlighting the chemical and biological principles required to understand the underlying principles and to enable you to design new potential drugs.

This module will cover the molecular and cellular targets of medicines and will focus on the biological macromolecules that they interact with. Key classes of biological macromolecules will be covered including: proteins (enzymes and receptors); nuclei acids (DNA, RNA and their biosynthetic machinery). The main focus of the lectures and tutorials will be to provide a comprehensive analysis of the general principles of drug action for students with a chemical and biological background. It is of interest to those wanting to learn about drug design and the molecular mechanisms by which drugs act.

This module encourages you to develop your knowledge and understanding of sustainable development in industrial systems and to provide approaches to design and assess for sustainability. The module also encompasses large scale experimental work relevant to industrial practice in relation to sustainability. It aims to introduce the concepts of sustainability and carbon and water footprints and provide an overview renewable energy processes and carbon capture technologies. It also examines selected examples in detail, looks at process integration methodologies in design for sustainability and introduces techno-economic and life cycle assessments. The module also enables you to gain experience in experimental group work involving large scale equipment relevant to the technologies, industries and methodologies introduced in the module.

This module focuses on understanding soil properties and how human activity has affected them. We look at how nutrients and contaminants are held in or transmitted through the soil and the potential threat of soil surface pollution to groundwater. We look at historic soil contamination and how that can impact on humans. The module is designed to ensure you have a thorough understanding of soil processes but also an appreciation of the impact humans have on those vital processes. The module covers soil contaminants, their environmental behaviour and what risk they pose. You'll have the opportunity to learn a variety of analytical techniques which can be used to determine concentrations of heavy metals and organics within the soil matrix. You'll then be able to apply this knowledge when undertaking an assessment of contaminated samples. You'll also be introduced to the process of site risk assessment (Phase 1 and Phase 2 site investigation) and be able to determine what remediation methods would be most appropriate. It is expected that you'll be able to analyse soil properties and determine contamination levels within them.